2007 November, Natural History Photography Blog

Photo of Bull Elk in Sage

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Latitude: 44° 57' 57.88" N, Longitude: 110° 41' 27.56" W, Coord: 44.966078°, -110.69099°
Filed under: Elk, National Parks, Wildlife, Wyoming, Yellowstone on 11/30/2007

Here is another look at the fine bull elk (Cervus candensis) I spent an afternoon photographing near Mammoth Hot Springs.

Bull elk in sage brush with large rack of antlers during the fall rut (mating season).  This bull elk has sparred with other bulls to establish his harem of females with which he hopes to mate., Cervus canadensis,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #19718, all rights reserved worldwide.
Bull elk in sage brush with large rack of antlers during the fall rut (mating season). This bull elk has sparred with other bulls to establish his harem of females with which he hopes to mate. Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.
Image: 19718  
Species: Cervus canadensis
Location: Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
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Bugling Elk at Mammoth Hot Springs

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Latitude: 44° 57' 57.88" N, Longitude: 110° 41' 27.56" W, Coord: 44.966078°, -110.69099°
Filed under: Elk, National Parks, Wildlife, Wyoming, Yellowstone on 11/29/2007

The bull elk (Cervus candensis) I photographed one afternoon near Mammoth Hot Springs is seen here bugling, an audible cue and a form of posturing intended for both his harem of females and nearby males, meant to establish his dominance and access rights to the females and warn other males interested in breeding away. In fact, there was another bull with harem only a few hundred yards away. The two bulls bugled back and forth for hours, their sounds echoing over the otherwise quiet hills as evening set in.

Male elk bugling during the fall rut. Large male elk are known as bulls. Male elk have large antlers which are shed each year. Males engage in competitive mating behaviors during the rut, including posturing, antler wrestling and bugling, a loud series of screams which is intended to establishe dominance over other males and attract females., Cervus canadensis,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #19698, all rights reserved worldwide.
Male elk bugling during the fall rut. Large male elk are known as bulls. Male elk have large antlers which are shed each year. Males engage in competitive mating behaviors during the rut, including posturing, antler wrestling and bugling, a loud series of screams which is intended to establishe dominance over other males and attract females. Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.
Image: 19698  
Species: Cervus canadensis
Location: Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
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Mammoth Elk Photos

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Latitude: 44° 58' 0.27" N, Longitude: 110° 41' 29.1" W, Coord: 44.966744°, -110.69142°
Filed under: Elk, National Parks, Wildlife, Wyoming, Yellowstone on 11/28/2007

After spending a few days in the Madison River area looking at the elk (Cervus candensis) herds there, I drive over to Mammoth Hot Springs. The bulls are bigger and have nicer antler racks there, so I have heard, but they need to be outside of town to get good images. (Many of the elk in Mammoth are literally in town, among the buildings, cars and people. A curiosity but not what I am looking for when taking photos.) I get there in late afternoon after having spent an hour with a inquisitive coyote at Sheepeater Cliffs. I spot some guys with long camera lenses on a hill just east of the town, so I park and walk up to say hello and see what they are looking at. I am the Yellowstone National Park version of a barney: bright red jacket, bright blue rain cover on my telephoto lens, flip flops, jeans (almost chose shorts) and a Diet Coke. Might as well paint “California” across my back in giant letters. These guys are all dressed in camo jackets, khaki or camo pants, hunter-looking boots, with camo covers for the long lenses. They look like this is their back yard (probably is). They tell me they are keeping tabs on a nice 6×6 bull with a harem, all of which are resting in some nearby sage. I say thanks, sit down near them, read my book and wait on the wind blown hill for something to happen. After a half hour or so the bull rises, as does his harem. They spend a few hours moving around the area, toward the NPS housing for a while, back towards us, then across the road and up onto some hills rising above us. The bull elk bugles frequently, and loud. He has some small, fresh wounds around his neck, probably acquired in a confrontation with another bull for rights to claim the harem. I listen to the experienced photographers discuss the bull’s behavior, where they think it will go, etc. — they clearly have been watching him for some time. One photographer in particular seems to know, just by watching the bull’s posturing in relation to the harem and the location of other nearby bulls (some bachelors for the moment), where it will move next, and consistently puts himself in position for good photography angles. By paying attention to him I manage to snag some nice images, elk portraits I have never had an opportunity to shoot before. He kindly offers me a few tips. Once the sun has dipped enough to end the shooting I offer him my thanks and get back to my car to get some food at the hotel in town.

Male elk bugling during the fall rut. Large male elk are known as bulls. Male elk have large antlers which are shed each year. Males engage in competitive mating behaviors during the rut, including posturing, antler wrestling and bugling, a loud series of screams which is intended to establishe dominance over other males and attract females., Cervus canadensis,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #19693, all rights reserved worldwide.
Male elk bugling during the fall rut. Large male elk are known as bulls. Male elk have large antlers which are shed each year. Males engage in competitive mating behaviors during the rut, including posturing, antler wrestling and bugling, a loud series of screams which is intended to establishe dominance over other males and attract females. Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.
Image: 19693  
Species: Cervus canadensis
Location: Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
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Photo of a Moose in Snow

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Latitude: 44° 55' 59.1" N, Longitude: 110° 4' 56.78" W, Coord: 44.933086°, -110.08244°
Filed under: National Parks, Wyoming, Yellowstone on 11/27/2007

We found this moose (Alces alces) beside Soda Butte Creek, between the Lamar Valley and the Northeast entrance to Yellowstone National Park.

A male moose, bull moose, on snow covered field, near Cooke City., Alces alces,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #19680, all rights reserved worldwide.
A male moose, bull moose, on snow covered field, near Cooke City. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.
Image: 19680  
Species: Alces alces
Location: Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
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Madison River Coyote in Snow

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Latitude: 44° 38' 16.27" N, Longitude: 110° 53' 31.71" W, Coord: 44.637853°, -110.89214°
Filed under: National Parks, Wyoming, Yellowstone on 11/26/2007

I spotted this coyote (Canis latrans) before sunrise one morning along the Madison River on the western edge of Yellowstone National Park. I was looking for elk but the bulls with their harems were not out in the meadows, preferring the cover of the trees. This fellow caught my eye however. Amid the falling snow I spotted some movement on the far side of the meadow, just along the river — a coyote foraging. He would move along slowly, pause after hearing a small animal under the snow, jump up only to drop and pounce on the poor creature through the snow. He caught a few while I was watching, but too distant and too dark to photograph clearly. There was just enough light to get a sharp photograph of it only when it went still, which it did just once.

Coyote in snow covered field along the Madison River., Canis latrans,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #19635, all rights reserved worldwide.
Coyote in snow covered field along the Madison River. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.
Image: 19635  
Species: Canis latrans
Location: Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
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Photo of San Elijo Lagoon

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Latitude: 33° 0' 17.42" N, Longitude: 117° 16' 7.86" W, Coord: 33.004839°, -117.26885°
Filed under: Photo of the Day on 11/25/2007

We got out for a walk with the kids last weekend at San Elijo Lagoon. San Elijo Lagoon is one of my favorite places in North County. I have run there several days a week for about ten years, from the east end of the lagoon in Rancho Santa Fe along the south shore, under the freeway and to the ocean at Seaside Beach, and back again, taking me through eucalyptus groves, sage brush, a promontory that is covered with tall mustard in spring, alongside the water and past a few stands of trees that often hold raptors. The lagoon empties into the ocean in Cardiff State Beach, a stretch of beach I love for its hollow, picturesque waves. On my hundreds of San Elijo lagoon runs I have encountered a few bobcats, including a mother with four kittens, countless rabbits and rattlers, a fox, and lots of birds (that I can’t identify since I am not a birder). Saturday was a good day as it had one of the highest tides of the year which forced many birds close to the edge of the lagoon where they can be easily seen. We saw dozens of small birds, all of which we consider ducks, and several largish raptors, all of which look like hawks to us but which might have been Northern harriers. Whatever, lots of birds.

San Elijo lagoon at high tide, looking from the south shore north west.,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #19834, all rights reserved worldwide.
San Elijo lagoon at high tide, looking from the south shore north west. San Elijo Lagoon, Encinitas, California, USA.
Image: 19834  
Location: San Elijo Lagoon, Encinitas, California, USA
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Surf Check

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Latitude: 33° 7' 22.73" N, Longitude: 117° 19' 43.06" W, Coord: 33.122983°, -117.32863°
Filed under: California, Carlsbad, Photo of the Day on 11/22/2007

We went for a walk on the beach yesterday late afternoon, getting back to the car just before sundown. There were no good waves but the tide was out and the beach nearly deserted, so it was good to be there. The pullout just south of Palomar Airport Road almost always has a few people checking from the bluff. You can read the water all the way from Teramar in the north down to the campgrounds to the south. Sarah and I try to hit Starbucks early each Saturday morning, get the latte and hot chocolate (140 degrees) then park at the bluff and look at the water, its a good spot to kill time.

Surf check.  Three guys check the surf from atop a bluff overlooking the waves at the end of the day, at sunset, north of South Carlsbad State Beach.,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #19808, all rights reserved worldwide.
Surf check. Three guys check the surf from atop a bluff overlooking the waves at the end of the day, at sunset, north of South Carlsbad State Beach. Carlsbad, California, USA.
Image: 19808  
Location: Carlsbad, California, USA
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Ocean water washes over a flat sand beach, sandstone bluffs rise in the background, sunset.,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #19806, all rights reserved worldwide.
Ocean water washes over a flat sand beach, sandstone bluffs rise in the background, sunset. Carlsbad, California, USA.
Image: 19806  
Location: Carlsbad, California, USA
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Cobblestones on a flat sand beach.  Cobble stones are polished round and smooth by years of wave energy.  They are alternately exposed and covered by sand depending on the tides, waves and seasons of the year.  Cobblestones are common on the beaches of southern California, contained in the sandstone bluffs along the beach and released onto the beach as the bluffs erode.,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #19807, all rights reserved worldwide.
Cobblestones on a flat sand beach. Cobble stones are polished round and smooth by years of wave energy. They are alternately exposed and covered by sand depending on the tides, waves and seasons of the year. Cobblestones are common on the beaches of southern California, contained in the sandstone bluffs along the beach and released onto the beach as the bluffs erode. Carlsbad, California, USA.
Image: 19807  
Location: Carlsbad, California, USA
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Photo of Norris Geyser Basin

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Latitude: 44° 43' 39.21" N, Longitude: 110° 42' 10.32" W, Coord: 44.727561°, -110.70287°
Filed under: National Parks, Wyoming, Yellowstone on 11/7/2007

Norris Geyser Basin is one of the principal geothermal areas of Yellowstone National Park. Loaded with fumeroles, steaming hot springs, geysers and other generally hot-as-hell nasty holes in the ground, Norris Geyser Basin is best seen on a cool morning when it billows forth steam. The two photos below are from the Porcelain Basin trail.

Ledge Geyser, vents releasing steam, in the Porcelain Basin area of Norris Geyser Basin.,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #13483, all rights reserved worldwide.
Ledge Geyser, vents releasing steam, in the Porcelain Basin area of Norris Geyser Basin. Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.
Image: 13483  
Location: Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
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Steam rises in the Porcelain Basin.,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #13490, all rights reserved worldwide.
Steam rises in the Porcelain Basin. Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.
Image: 13490  
Location: Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
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See more photos from Norris Geyser Basin.

Photo of a Coyote Hunting Voles

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Latitude: 44° 44' 14.38" N, Longitude: 110° 41' 52.2" W, Coord: 44.737328°, -110.69784°
Filed under: National Parks, Wyoming, Yellowstone on 11/6/2007

The meadows around Norris Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park are a good place to look for coyotes (Canis latrans) hunting voles. This coyote was found working the tall grass. He would stalk quietly through the grass, stop and listen, poise, leap high and and drop on his prey. Brutally effective.

A coyote hunts for voles in tall grass, autumn., Canis latrans,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #19638, all rights reserved worldwide.
A coyote hunts for voles in tall grass, autumn. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.
Image: 19638  
Species: Canis latrans
Location: Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
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Coyote at Sheepeater Cliffs

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Latitude: 44° 53' 25.6" N, Longitude: 110° 43' 47.82" W, Coord: 44.890447°, -110.72995°
Filed under: National Parks, Wyoming, Yellowstone on 11/5/2007

I usually stop once or twice at Sheepeater Cliffs while in Yellowstone National Park, hoping to photograph the yellow-bellied marmots that are found there. This time I was disappointed: it was too late in the year and they had gone to ground for the winter, and I could not find any of them. As I was kicking back and eating my lunch before continuing on to Mammoth Hot Springs for the afternoon, a coyote (Canis latrans) strolled by and started working in the brush along the river, presumably for voles or other small varmits. He was pretty comfortable with my presence, so I walked along and watched him for a while, taking photos.

Coyote., Canis latrans,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #19634, all rights reserved worldwide.
Coyote. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.
Image: 19634  
Species: Canis latrans
Location: Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
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Watching Wolves with Laurie Lyman

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Latitude: 44° 52' 20.34" N, Longitude: 110° 12' 7.93" W, Coord: 44.872318°, -110.2022°
Filed under: National Parks, Stories, Wyoming, Yellowstone on 11/4/2007

Update 12/28/07: Wow! This morning Laurie was pictured and quoted in an Associated Press article about the trend of people moving to western states such as Montana and Wyoming, appearing in newspapers throughout the United States. [AP Photo][AP article]

Our main motivation for visiting Yellowstone National Park this past October was to find an opportunity for my daughter to see wolves, in the wild, with our friend Laurie Lyman. Laurie taught at the Rhoades School for many years. Our daughter was part of her swan song class, the 3rd graders of ‘04-’05. Following each vacation, which Laurie would spend in Yellowstone, she would entertain her class with stories of the Druids and Sloughs, of the alpha and beta wolves in each pack, which packs were faring well and not-so-well, and of the pups that would appear in spring. She was so loved that her class donated a radio collar, in her name, to be placed on one of the Yellowstone wolves so that it could be tracked using radio telemetry. I believe the collar is still transmitting. Immediately after retiring from teaching, Laurie moved to Cooke City, Montana to study wolves in the northern part of Yellowstone National Park, including the Slough Creek pack (which she has known since its inception in 2002) as well as the Druid Peak, Agate, Hayden and Molly packs. Her husband Dan splits time between Montana and California but is often with her in the field when he is in Montana. During the past few years, having rarely missed a day in the field, Laurie has gathered volumes of detailed field notes and considerable understanding of the complex social dynamics within and between various wolf packs in the Yellowstone area, including the roles played by key individual wolves and movements of individuals between packs. She can often be found in the field with noted wolf researcher Rick McIntyre.

On my several visits to Yellowstone, when I decide I want to see a wolf, I start by finding Laurie. Each time I have met with her, she has shown me wolves, so I have a perfect record so far! (I have seen a few wolves without her help, but honestly I am much better at spotting whales than wolves. I am well out of my element in Wyoming and need all the help I can get.) This year we spent two mornings with Laurie in the Lamar Valley and were treated to some fantastic wolf action. On our final day there we saw the Druid Pack cross a broad snow-covered field to pursue a bull (male) elk, a big fellow with an intimidating rack of antlers. This was the real thing, Wild Kingdom-esque, right there in front of us. Laurie made it clear that we should pay close attention and appreciate this special sight, so we did. Both elk and wolves were running at full speed through snow, across a river bed and over a number of small hills. For a while it appeared the wolves would catch the elk and make a kill, but eventually it seemed either the wolves grew tired, lost interest or perhaps concluded that they were not ready to tackle such a formidable adversary; the elk got away. What was particularly intriguing was that the chase was also watched by a grizzly who was positioned on the far side of the wolves. The bear seemed put off by the commotion and moved away into the trees, but stopped several times to watch the action. Much of the time we were with them, Laurie and Rick were in frequent radio communication with others elsewhere in the Lamar who were watching the same wolves from different vantage points or other wolf packs in the area. Rick kindly offered his scope to a few people who just happened by so they could get a glimpse, and patiently answered all of our questions.

Most wolf observation is done through high powered field scopes, Swarovskis and the like. Only once have I had a good look at a wild wolf without a scope. I have no real interest in trying to photograph wolves, at least not in any serious way with high end photo equipment, preferring to leave them to their business. Checking on them from afar through a scope is satisfying enough for me. Wolves receive enough attention already, from wolf lovers who just want to watch them to ranchers who believe that the only good wolf is a dead wolf, that they do not need to be further pursued by yet another photographer looking to shoot yet another wolf photo. We stayed high up on a hill with a great view of the entire Lamar Valley, listening to the howling of the wolves and watching them do their thing. Laurie’s friend Pauline, an accomplished digiscoper (what’s that you say?), allowed me to take a few photos by pressing my super-duper-ultra-mini-pocket digicam to the tiny viewfinder on her field scope. I even managed to get a shot of 10 Druid Peak wolves in one frame. It turns out that the simple act of aiming a point-and-shoot camera through a field scope and pressing the trigger, which even a simpleton like myself can do, is considered a “technique” and has a name: digiscoping. So there you have it, we were digiscoping the wolves. Photography for the masses: all you need is a scope and a point and shoot camera, and it’s pretty fun to boot. No strenuous hiking around either. I thought our digiscope shot was pretty good for a first wolf photo, and a fine souvenir of our morning watching the wolves with Laurie.

We meet Laurie Lyman on a cold but beautiful morning in the Lamar Valley, Yellowstone.  Wolves are in the distant background.

We meet Laurie Lyman on a beautiful but cold morning in the Lamar Valley, Yellowstone.

Ten members of the Druid Peak wolf pack cross the Lamar Valley in snow.

Ten members of the Druid Peak wolf pack cross the Lamar Valley in snow.

Laurie and Rick McIntyre observe the Druids.

Laurie and Rick McIntyre observe the Druids.

Photo of Grand Prismatic Spring in Winter

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Latitude: 44° 31' 29.25" N, Longitude: 110° 50' 18.77" W, Coord: 44.524794°, -110.83855°
Filed under: National Parks, Wyoming, Yellowstone on 11/3/2007

One of my favorite places in Yellowstone National Park is Midway Geyser basin. Here two of the largest geothermal features in the entire world lie just yards from one another: Grand Prismatic Spring and Excelsior Geyser. These two huge holes in the ground are filled with superheated water, direct links to hot underworld not far below. The huge columns of steam rising over Midway Geyser basin on cool mornings is striking. I usually make a hike to my favorite vantage point to check out the colors in Grand Prismatic Spring. This time around, though, there was snow on the ground and freezing air from a autumn snowstorm passing through. The dense steam from Grand Prismatic almost obscured it from sight altogether. I waited a while until the sun peeked through and the wind blew the steam away from me and snapped this shot. Grand Prismatic Spring is in the foreground, Excelsior Geyser in the back left.

Grand Prismatic Spring steams in cold winter air.,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #19593, all rights reserved worldwide.
Grand Prismatic Spring steams in cold winter air. Midway Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.
Image: 19593  
Location: Midway Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
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Grand Prismatic Spring steams in cold winter air.,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #19594, all rights reserved worldwide.
Grand Prismatic Spring steams in cold winter air. Midway Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.
Image: 19594  
Location: Midway Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
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The only way to see how large Grand Prismatic Spring is is to have a few people alongside it for scale. This was shot in summer when steam does not form as thickly over the spring:

Grand Prismatic Spring displays a stunning rainbow of colors created by species of thermophilac (heat-loving) bacteria that thrive in narrow temperature ranges.  The blue water in the center is too hot to support any bacterial life, while the outer orange rings are the coolest water.  Grand Prismatic Spring is the largest spring in the United States and the third-largest in the world.  Midway Geyser Basin.,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #13573, all rights reserved worldwide.
Grand Prismatic Spring displays a stunning rainbow of colors created by species of thermophilac (heat-loving) bacteria that thrive in narrow temperature ranges. The blue water in the center is too hot to support any bacterial life, while the outer orange rings are the coolest water. Grand Prismatic Spring is the largest spring in the United States and the third-largest in the world. Midway Geyser Basin. Midway Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.
Image: 13573  
Location: Midway Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
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Note the lack of snow on the ground. The entire place is, if not steaming hot, at least warm enough to melt snow as soon as it hits the ground. Our glasses were fogging up just walking around.

Photo of a Grizzly Bear in Snow

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Latitude: 44° 54' 34.62" N, Longitude: 110° 19' 49.86" W, Coord: 44.909617°, -110.33052°
Filed under: Brown Bear, National Parks, Wildlife, Wyoming, Yellowstone on 11/2/2007

A few days into my Yellowstone National Park trip I found the ursine suspect in a double murder case. I was not looking for bears, rather just cruising around and admiring all parts of the park, and I was lucky to stumble upon him and get off a few good photos . I continued to explore the park on my own for another week but saw no more bears. My dad and daughter then arrived and I shifted the emphasis to wolves and bears after having spent the better part of a week watching the elk rut. We made several trips together through the Lamar hoping to see bears and wolves but were not having much luck, although we had seen most of the other charismatic animals including coyote, moose, elk, geese and swan. Finally, on our last full day in the park, before sunrise as we drove to the Lamar from Mammoth, at exactly the same place that I had seen it previously, we found the fratricidal grizzly. Snow had been falling the previous two days so he was quite easy to spot from far away even in the dim light, otherwise I might have missed him entirely (my co-pilot and navigator were both half asleep and of no help in spotting wildlife that early in the morning). He was strolling up from the river again, across a broad open field of white snow-frosted sage. We got a very good look at him, the best view my dad and daughter had ever had of a grizzly. This photo was taken only a few hundred yards from the other one. The entire time we were watching this fellow, the Agate wolf pack was above us on the ridge howling. A few minutes after this bear had sauntered off into the woods, we drove a short way up the road and saw the Slough Creek pack, howling back at the Agates. All this in the space of perhaps 2 hours. It was quite a morning.

Grizzly bear in snow., Ursus arctos horribilis,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #19616, all rights reserved worldwide.
Grizzly bear in snow. Lamar Valley, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.
Image: 19616  
Species: Ursus arctos horribilis
Location: Lamar Valley, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
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Yellowstone Deer Photos

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Latitude: 44° 55' 13.28" N, Longitude: 110° 26' 37.29" W, Coord: 44.920356°, -110.44369°
Filed under: National Parks, Wyoming, Yellowstone on 11/1/2007

In October I was in Yellowstone National Park primarily to see and photograph the elk rut. However, my daughter’s 3rd grade teacher now lives in Gardner, MT and spends her time studying the wolves, so I made a several drives up to the Lamar Valley to see her and check out wolves. Each time I passed through the burned tree area before Tower I saw small groups of what I believe are mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). They seem awfully small compared to the much larger elk. This buck — only males grow antlers, which will be shed in late December or January — was in the company of three other deer, presumably females, who seemed comfortable grazing in high grass near me. It was near sunset and raining, so for the most part I just hung out and watched them, not getting many photos.

Mule deer in tall grass, fall, autumn., Odocoileus hemionus,  Copyright Phillip Colla, image #19577, all rights reserved worldwide.
Mule deer in tall grass, fall, autumn. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.
Image: 19577  
Species: Odocoileus hemionus
Location: Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
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Updated: May 23, 2013